Metabolism Quiz

Mnemonics

Glycolysis
Intermediates
“Goodness Gracious Father Frank Did Go Buy Pickled Pumpkins To Prepare Pies”
Gracious = G6P · Father = F6P · Frank = F1,6BP · Did / Go = G3P / DHAP · Buy = 1,3-BPG · Pickled = 3PG · Pumpkins = 2PG · Prepare = PEP · Pies = Pyr
Enzymes
“Hungry Pirates Pick All The Greatest Pickled Pumpkins Ever Picked”
Hungry = Hexokinase · Pirates = Phosphoglucose isomerase · Pick = Phosphofructokinase-1 · All = Aldolase · The = Triose phosphate isomerase · Greatest = GAP dehydrogenase · Pickled = Phosphoglycerate kinase · Pumpkins = Phosphoglycerate mutase · Ever = Enolase · Picked = Pyruvate kinase
TCA / Krebs cycle
Intermediates
“Citrate Is Krebs' Starting Substrate For Making Oxaloacetate”
Citrate = Cit · Is = IsoCit · Krebs = α-KG · Starting = Succ-CoA · Substrate = Succ · For = Fum · Making = Mal · Oxaloacetate = OAA
Enzymes
“Captain America's Irate Avengers Spoke Slander For Money”
Captain = Citrate synthase · America's = Aconitase · Irate = Isocitrate dehydrogenase · Avengers = α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase · Spoke = Succinyl-CoA synthetase · Slander = Succinate dehydrogenase · For = Fumarase · Money = Malate dehydrogenase
Oxidative phosphorylation
Protons pumped, complexes I–IV
“4-0-4-2, the soccer formation”
Uncouplers
“Uncouplers are BAD: Brown fat, Aspirin overdose, DNP”
Gluconeogenesis
Bypass enzymes (the First Aid standard)
“Pathway Produces Fresh Glucose”
Pathway = Pyruvate carboxylase · Produces = PEP carboxykinase · Fresh = Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase · Glucose = Glucose-6-phosphatase
Glycogenolysis
Glycogen storage diseases I · II · III · V
“Very Poor Carbohydrate Metabolism”
V = Von Gierke (I), no glucose-6-phosphatase · P = Pompe (II), no lysosomal acid α-glucosidase · C = Cori (III), no debranching enzyme · M = McArdle (V), no muscle glycogen phosphorylase
Branch enzymes
“ABCD: Andersen = Branching, Cori = Debranching”
β-Oxidation
The four steps
“Oxidize Hydrate Oxidize Thiolyze”
Oxidize = Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase · Hydrate = Enoyl-CoA hydratase · Oxidize = 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase · Thiolyze = Thiolase
Pentose phosphate pathway
The point
“NADPH is for Production; NADH is for Power”
The thiamine (B1) enzymes
“ATP: Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, Transketolase, Pyruvate dehydrogenase”
Urea cycle
Cycle order
“Ordinarily Careless Crappers Are Also Frivolous About Urination”
Careless = CP · Crappers = Cit · Also = ASA · Frivolous / About = Arg · Urination = Urea
The big picture
The four stages of cellular respiration
“Giant Pandas Killed Einstein: Glycolysis → Pyruvate oxidation → Krebs → ETC”
Light reactions of photosynthesis
Which photosystem does what
“PSII splits H₂O (the 2s go together); PSI makes NADPH. And 680 runs before 700.”
Calvin cycle
The three phases
“Fix, Reduce, Regenerate”
Digestive enzymes
The two duodenal hormones
“Secretin is nature's antacid; chole-cysto-kinin literally means "gallbladder mover"”
Protease specificity
“Trypsin cuts after K and R; chymotrypsin after the aromatics W F Y ("wifey")”
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
The order
“RAAS spells its own order: Renin → Angiotensin I → (ACE) → Angiotensin II → Aldosterone”
What aldosterone does
“Aldosterone saves salt, and where sodium goes, water flows”
Menstrual cycle (HPG axis)
The two halves
“Estrogen builds the house, progesterone furnishes it; pro-gesterone is pro-gestation”
Who does what, and the phases
“FSH grows the Follicle, LH means Let go, and the phases FOLd M: Follicular, Ovulation, Luteal, Menses”
Stress axis (HPA)
Adrenal cortex layers
“GFR: salt, sugar, sex. The deeper you go, the sweeter it gets”
Amino acid sets
SetMnemonicMembers
Essential PVT TIM HaLL Phe · Val · Thr · Trp · Ile · Met · His · Arg · Leu · Lys
Purely ketogenic onLy Lysine and Leucine are pureLy ketogenic Leu · Lys
Glucogenic and ketogenic PITTT Phe · Ile · Thr · Trp · Tyr
Aromatic W F Y. Say it fast: "wifey." You put a ring on it. Trp · Phe · Tyr
Sulfur-containing Cys and Met carry the Sulfur, but only Cys's free -SH can cross-link Cys · Met
Hydroxyl-containing S-T-Y: Ser, Thr, Tyr, where kinases park their phosphates Ser · Thr · Tyr
Polar, uncharged STaCk QuiN: Ser, Thr, Cys, Gln, Asn Ser · Thr · Cys · Gln · Asn
Polar, charged DEHKR, said "decker": D and E acidic, H K R basic Asp · Glu · His · Lys · Arg
Branched-chain "I Love Vermont" maple syrup: Ile, Leu, Val Ile · Leu · Val
Quirkily coded QWKYNERD, the "quirky nerd" eight whose one-letter code is not their initial Gln · Trp · Lys · Tyr · Asn · Glu · Arg · Asp
A hook for each of the twenty residues →