H₂NOOHS
Nonpolar / hydrophobic

Methionine

Met · M · 149.21 Da

EssentialSulfur-containing Essential

Thioether (S-CH₃)

Sulfur-containing, but a thioether cannot form disulfides. Precursor of SAM, the universal methyl donor.

Mnemonic
M for Met, the START. AUG is its only codon and the initiator.

Ionization ladder
pKaGroupChangeCharge
2.28 α-carboxyl -COOH → -COO⁻ 0 → −1
9.21 α-amino -NH₃⁺ → -NH₂ +1 → 0

pI = (2.28 + 9.21) / 2 = 5.75, the midpoint of the two pKa values that bracket the neutral species.

Net charge across pH
pH 1+1
pH 40
pH 70
pH 10−1
pH 13−1

A group is deprotonated once the pH climbs past its pKa. Add the contributions and you have the net charge, with no memorization required.