Inner mitochondrial membrane
Oxidative phosphorylation
Electrons roll downhill to oxygen; the proton gradient pays for ATP.
0%
this pathway
Net yieldPer NADH: 10 H⁺ pumped → ~2.5 ATP · per FADH₂: 6 H⁺ → ~1.5 ATP
Steps5
Irreversible3
Protons pumped, complexes I–IV
4-0-4-2, the soccer formation
Uncouplers
Uncouplers are BAD: Brown fat, Aspirin overdose, DNP