Cytosol
Fermentation
Without oxygen, regenerate NAD⁺ or glycolysis stops.
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Net yield0 ATP here: the product is NAD⁺, which keeps glycolysis’s 2 ATP flowing
Steps3
Irreversible1
The point
Fermentation regenerates NAD⁺; the ATP came from glycolysis
Cori cycle accounting
2 ATP made in muscle − 6 spent in liver = net −4: it buys time at an energy cost