Commonly confused

Malate-aspartate shuttle vs Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle

The tell

Malate-aspartate (liver, heart) delivers NADH, giving 32 ATP. Glycerol-3-phosphate (muscle, brain) delivers FADH₂, giving 30.

Pairs like this are where exam points go missing — the concepts are fine, the labels swap. Retrieval fixes it faster than rereading: the daily quiz mixes confusable pairs into every set.

Today’s daily quiz All confusable pairs